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With a PhD in economics, you can choose to become a college professor or work at the Federal Reserve, international agencies, consulting firms, private banks, or other for-profit ventures. Learn more about the . 

If you are interested in earning a PhD in economics, talk to your academic advisor early in your career. Competitive applicants have strong grades in their intermediate economics and advanced mathematics courses (see Choosing Electives guide for details), as well as research experience. For additional advice, read the following resources: 

• Masayuki Kudamatsu’s  links to a wide range of excellent resources with tips for applying to graduate school (and beyond).
• Professor Wong's advice for those thinking about a PhD in economics or other quantitative social sciences
• Former ɫ��� Professor Slavov's
• American Economic Association's

You may also want to consider attending one of several summer programs for aspiring PhD Students. These programs are designed to help you prepare for graduate school, to connect you with peers and mentors, and to help you decide if graduate school is right for you. These programs include:

• The . This 8-week intensive residential program "prepares talented undergraduates from under-represented groups for doctoral programs in Economics and related disciplines." The application deadline is often in January.

• The . This 3-week program aims to increase the diversity of the economics profession by attracting “extraordinary students from colleges and universities around the country who would not otherwise consider studying economics — and to get them excited about this important area of study through exposure to some of the most innovative faculty in the field.” This program is ideal for college students early in their undergraduate educations. The application typically opens in December.

is a consortium of universities and research institutions providing a pathway into PhDs in the social sciences. In addition to running a summer program, PREDOC also acts as a clearinghouse for research and job opportunities.

Note that most students do not begin PhD programs in economics directly after their undergraduate career. Instead, students often develop their skills (and learn if a PhD is the right choice for them) by first working as an economics research assistant or analyst, or by participating in a one-year pre-doctoral master's program designed to enrich students' quantitative skills. Common pre-doctoral opportunities include:

• Economic Consulting Firms: Analysis Group, Bates White, Brattle Group, Charles River Associates, Compass Lexecon, Cornerstone Research, EconOne, Edgeworth Economics, NERA, Quant Economics
• Policy Organizations: RAND Corporation, The Brookings Institution, International Monetary Fund, Peterson Institute for International Economics
• Federal Reserve Board and Regional Banks 
• Research Assistant Positions: Many academic economists hire pre-doctoral researchers for full time employment. Available jobs are posted on the  and on the .
• One-year Master's in Economics: University of Wisconsin, University of Texas at Austin, Duke University, Tufts University, UCLA, Washington University, and Vanderbilt University

Recent ɫ��� Econ Alumni Pursuing PhDs:

• '18: University of Michigan, Economics
• '17: UC Santa Barbara, Economics
• '16: UC San Diego, Economics
• '16: UC Los Angeles, Economics
• '15: Yale, Political Science
• '15: University of Wisconsin, Sociology
•  '14: University of Michigan, Economics
• '13: University of Virginia, Education Policy
• '13: UC Berkeley, Economics
• '10: University of Oregon, Economics
• '08: UC Berkeley, Economics